程序设计中,专门用“类”来表示用户定义的抽象数据类型(user_defined abstract type)。它将具有相同状态、操作和访问机制的多个对象进行了抽象。类具有继承、数据隐藏和多态三种主要特性。利用类的这三种特性可以更好地表示现实世界中事物。类是同一类对象实例的共性的抽象,对象是类的实例化。对象通常作为计算机模拟思维,表示真实世界的抽象,一个对象就像一个软件模块,可以为用户提供一系列的服务---可以改变对象的状态、测试、传递消息等。类定义了对象的实现细节或数据结构。类是静态的,对象是动态的,对象可以看作是运行中的类。类负责产生对象,可以将类当成生产对象的工厂(Object factory).
5. 有一组数字(3,10,6,8,98,22),请编程排序(升降序皆可),语言不限,算法不限,但须注明是何种算法。//下面使用简单的冒泡法进行排序!
#include "iostream.h" template<class type> class CBubble{
private: type *pArray; int size;public:CBubble(type a[],int sizeArray);void sort();void display();};
template <class type> CBubble<type>::CBubble(type a[],int sizeArray)
{ pArray=a; size=sizeArray/sizeof(type);}
template<class type>void CBubble<type>::sort(){ type temp; for(int i=0;i<size-1;i++) for(int j=0;j<size-1-i;j++) if(pArray[j]>pArray[j+1])//升序{temp=pArray[j+1];pArray[j+1]=pArray[j];pArray[j]=temp;}}
template<class type>void CBubble<type>::display(){for(int i=0;i<size;i++)cout<<pArray
<<endl;}
void main(void){int a[]={3,10,6,8,98,22};CBubble<int> intData(a,sizeof(a));cout<<"The original data are :"<<endl;intData.display();intData.sort();cout<<"After sorting ,the data are:"<<endl;intData.display();
}
SQLhttp://www.jactiongroup.net/reference/html/index.html //书
http://blog.csdn.net/hbuzhang/archive/2004/12/07/207202.aspx //书
connection connconn.setAuto(false)//表示手动提交conn.commit// 提交conn.rollback();//事务回滚
-内联接use pubsselect a.au_fname, a.au_lname, p.pub_name from authors a inner join publishers p on a.city = p.city order by p.pub_name asc, a.au_lname asc, a.au_fname asc
--左外联接use pubs select a.au_fname, a.au_lname, p.pub_name from authors a left join publishers p
on a.city = p.city order by p.pub_name asc, a.au_lname asc, a.au_fname asc
-使用子查询USE pubs GO select distinct pub_name from publishers where pub_id IN (select pub_idfrom titleswhere type = 'business') GO
--如果平均价格少于 $30,WHILE 循环就将价格加倍,然后选择最高价。
--如果最高价少于或等于 $50,WHILE 循环重新启动并再次将价格加倍。
--该循环不断地将价格加倍直到最高价格超过 $50 USE pubs GO
WHILE (select AVG(price) from titles) < $30
BEGIN
UPDATE titles
SET price = price * 2
select MAX(price) from titles
IF (select MAX(price) from titles) > $50
BREAK
ELSE
CONTINUE
END
---如果平均价格少于 $30,WHILE 循环就将价格加倍,然后选择最高价。
--如果最高价少于或等于 $50,WHILE 循环重新启动并再次将价格加倍。
--该循环不断地将价格加倍直到最高价格超过 $50
USE pubs
GO
WHILE (select AVG(price) from titles) < $30
BEGIN
UPDATE titles
SET price = price * 2
select MAX(price) from titles
IF (select MAX(price) from titles) > $50
BREAK
ELSE
CONTINUE
END
CREATE PROCEDURE au_info
@lastname varchar(40),
@firstname varchar(20)
AS
select au_lname, au_fname, title, pub_name
from authors a INNER JOIN titleauthor ta
ON a.au_id = ta.au_id INNER JOIN titles t
ON t.title_id = ta.title_id INNER JOIN publishers p
ON t.pub_id = p.pub_id
WHERE au_fname = @firstname
AND au_lname = @lastname
GO
EXECUTE au_info 'Dull', 'Ann'--或者
EXECUTE au_info @lastname = 'Dull', @firstname = 'Ann'--创建存储过程CREATE PROCEDURE titles_sum @TITLE varchar(40),@SUM money OUTPUT
AS
select @SUM = SUM(price)
from titles
where title LIKE @TITLE
GO
DECLARE @TOTALCOST money
EXECUTE titles_sum 'The%', @TOTALCOST OUTPUT
select @TOTALCOST
go
CREATE PROCEDURE Oakland_authors
AS
select au_fname, au_lname, address, city, zip
from authors
where city = 'Oakland'
and state = 'CA'
ORDER BY au_lname, au_fname
GO
--sp_helptext Oakland_authors
ALTER PROCEDURE Oakland_authors
AS
select au_fname, au_lname, address, city, zip
from authors
where state = 'CA'
ORDER BY au_lname, au_fname
GO
--sp_helptext Oakland_authors
--提交事务后,所有书籍支付的版税增加 10%。
begin transaction MyTransaction
update roysched
set royalty = royalty * 1上一页 [1] [2] [3] 下一页
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